{"id":2196172,"date":"2022-05-18T18:45:53","date_gmt":"2022-05-18T09:45:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nknews.org\/pro\/?p=2196172"},"modified":"2023-04-05T16:12:23","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T07:12:23","slug":"south-korea-and-human-rights-beyond-the-korean-peninsula","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2022\/05\/south-korea-and-human-rights-beyond-the-korean-peninsula\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea and human rights beyond the Korean Peninsula"},"content":{"rendered":"

Discussions about South Korea\u2019s human rights policy typically focus on North Korea. However, both internal and external changes are forcing the South Korean government to reconsider its human rights diplomacy toward countries around the globe.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

On the domestic front, a <\/span>2020 survey<\/span><\/a> by the Asan Institute for Policy Studies found that 66.3% of South Koreans at the time wanted the U.S.-ROK alliance to be based on human rights and democratic ideals rather than confronting North Korea, up from 51.2% in 2016.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Externally, South Korea is stuck in the middle of the U.S. and China, a competition where human rights are increasingly salient. Donald Trump signed the <\/span>Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act<\/span><\/a> in 2019 and the Biden administration led a <\/span>diplomatic boycott<\/span><\/a> of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing in response to \u201cgenocide and crimes against humanity\u201d in Xinjiang.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Given commitments by new ROK President Yoon Suk-yeol that South Korea will focus on <\/span>human rights<\/span><\/a> as well as reassess its relationship with China, it is important to consider South Korea\u2019s recent developments in terms of human rights diplomacy and consider what repercussions a more active stance moving forward may have.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Then-South Korean President Moon Jae-in (left) meets Chinese President Xi Jinping for a summit, June 2019 | Image: Presidential Blue House Twitter<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

PRESIDENT MOON AND HUMAN RIGHTS<\/b><\/p>\n

The Moon Jae-in administration showed divergent responses to human rights challenges. On one hand, Moon <\/span>publicly rebuked<\/span><\/a> the Myanmar military\u2019s violent repression of protesters and Seoul announced a <\/span>series of measures<\/span><\/a> the government would take after the Feb. 2021 coup, including reviewing development assistance to the country.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

While Moon cut assistance to Myanmar by 72% in the <\/span>2022 national budget<\/span><\/a>, a move that received bipartisan support from South Korean politicos, his government did not restrict businesses from conducting activities in Myanmar, and instead <\/span>promised<\/span><\/a> to support them during the turmoil.<\/span><\/p>\n

On the other hand, the vigor of the Moon administration\u2019s response to the Myanmar coup contrasts drastically with its response to human rights issues in China. For example, there was a brief spat between Beijing and Seoul in 2019 after the <\/span>Chinese government claimed<\/span> <\/a>Moon had agreed that Hong Kong, where the Chinese government has enacted a <\/span>national security law<\/span><\/a> to quell democracy protests, and human rights concerns in Xinjiang, where hundreds of thousands of <\/span>Uighurs have been interned<\/span><\/a> for \u201cre-education,\u201d were \u201cdomestic issues.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The South Korean government responded that President Moon had merely \u201c<\/span>listened well<\/span><\/a>\u201d to statements by Chinese President Xi Jinping.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Other statements by Moon on China-related issues have been similarly ambiguous. The <\/span>U.S.-ROK Joint Statement<\/span><\/a> in May 2021 said that Moon and Biden \u201cemphasize the importance of preserving peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait.\u201d But Moon later walked back this seemingly strong position by saying it was just a \u201c<\/span>very general expression<\/span><\/a>.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In sum, the Moon administration took an active posture toward Myanmar, but refrained from strong statements on China as it viewed cooperation with Beijing as crucial for engaging with North Korea. This position also ensured China would not lash out economically as it did in 2016 and 2017 during the <\/span>THAAD disagreement<\/span><\/a>. Indeed, relations between the two Northeast Asian nations seemed to be improving by the end of Moon\u2019s term.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol at his inauguration reception, May 11, 2022 | Image: Jeon Han via Republic of Korea Flickr<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

NEW ROK PRESIDENT<\/b><\/p>\n

President Yoon Suk-yeol during his campaign <\/span>criticized<\/span><\/a> Moon\u2019s \u201cstrategic ambiguity\u201d or unwillingness to pick a side between the U.S. and China. In his <\/span>inaugural address<\/span><\/a>, Yoon stated that South Korea \u201cmust make a stand against any attempt that aims to take our freedom away, abuse human rights or destroy peace\u201d and made it clear that he would <\/span>emphasize human rights<\/span><\/a> in his foreign policy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Such statements are important not only given the trends in public opinion in South Korea, but also fit well with the <\/span>Biden administration\u2019s goal<\/span><\/a> of building \u201ca united front of U.S. allies and partners to confront China\u2019s abusive behaviors and human rights violations.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

In this regard, it is difficult to imagine President Yoon\u2019s policy on Myanmar will deviate greatly from Moon\u2019s. We should expect similarly meager quantities of official development assistance to Myanmar while South Korean firms <\/span>continue operating<\/span><\/a> in the country.<\/span><\/p>\n

But Yoon may embrace an altogether new approach to China. \u201cReal peace is about allowing freedom and prosperity to flourish,\u201d he said in his speech, and this could be interpreted as targeting China over its human rights abuses and machinations to one day reassert control over Taiwan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

For further clues about Yoon\u2019s future human rights policy, we should also consider his advisers. <\/span>National security advisor<\/span><\/a> Kim Sung-han has <\/span>argued<\/span><\/a> that South Korea needs to \u201cplay a role in redirecting the conduct of revisionist powers through cooperation with liberal powers.\u201d This framing of liberal vs. revisionist powers seems to necessitate greater attention to human rights in order to emphasize the distinction between the two camps.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

President Joe Biden boards Marine One on Wednesday, March 23, 2022, as he departs the White House for travel to Europe. | Image: Official White House Photo<\/a> by Erin Scott<\/p><\/div>\n

U.S. BACKSTOP?<\/strong><\/p>\n

The rumored frontrunner to be South Korea\u2019s <\/span>next ambassador<\/span><\/a> to China, Chung Jae-ho, is another figure to watch. In a recent <\/span>interview<\/span><\/a>, Chung criticized the Moon administration’s position on human rights in China, stating \u201cthe administration\u2019s silence is hypocritical given they were leading South Korea\u2019s democracy movement.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

On Hong Kong and the city\u2019s national security law, Chung argued in his 2021 book <\/span>The Crossroads of Survival<\/span><\/i><\/a> that Seoul should have at least made a statement that endorsed Hong Kong\u2019s autonomy as outlined in the Hong Kong <\/span>Basic Law<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Chung also questioned in his book whether it is wise for South Korea not to decrease its economic dependence on China as other countries have done. But Chung has <\/span>also criticized<\/span><\/a> the U.S. for not coming to South Korea\u2019s aid during the THAAD dispute in 2017.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Indeed this may be the crux of South Korea\u2019s future in terms of human rights diplomacy. While the Yoon administration may be more willing to speak out on human rights issues in China or make strong statements about Taiwan\u2019s security, it will expect U.S. support.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

We can be certain, based on <\/span>recent events<\/span><\/a>, that China will respond if South Korea criticizes it on human rights with at least words if not <\/span>unofficial economic sanctions<\/span><\/a> \u00e0 la 2017.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The U.S. can make it easier for Yoon\u2019s South Korea to stay on its side by firmly supporting Seoul when the inevitable backlash begins.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by Arius Derr<\/em><\/p>\n

Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Discussions about South Korea\u2019s human rights policy typically focus on North Korea. However, both internal and external changes are forcing the South Korean government to reconsider its human rights diplomacy toward countries around the globe.\u00a0 On the domestic front, a 2020 survey by the Asan Institute for Policy Studies found that 66.3% of South Koreans […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3665,"featured_media":2192896,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[28],"class_list":["post-2196172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nSouth Korea and human rights beyond the Korean Peninsula - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2022\/05\/south-korea-and-human-rights-beyond-the-korean-peninsula\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"South Korea and human rights beyond the Korean Peninsula - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discussions about South Korea\u2019s human rights policy typically focus on North Korea. However, both internal and external changes are forcing the South Korean government to reconsider its human rights diplomacy toward countries around the globe.\u00a0 On the domestic front, a 2020 survey by the Asan Institute for Policy Studies found that 66.3% of South Koreans […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2022\/05\/south-korea-and-human-rights-beyond-the-korean-peninsula\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/nknewsorg\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-05-18T09:45:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-04-05T07:12:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/12\/5146088166_ebb1b4ea74_k-1-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"935\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bishawjit\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@southkoreapro\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@southkoreapro\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Benjamin A. 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