{"id":2196116,"date":"2022-05-16T07:00:18","date_gmt":"2022-05-15T22:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nknews.org\/pro\/?p=2196116"},"modified":"2023-04-05T16:12:23","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T07:12:23","slug":"good-troublemakers-are-the-key-to-fixing-democracy-in-south-korea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2022\/05\/good-troublemakers-are-the-key-to-fixing-democracy-in-south-korea\/","title":{"rendered":"Good troublemakers are the key to fixing democracy in South Korea"},"content":{"rendered":"

In his first speech as South Korean president, Yoon Suk-yeol claimed the country faces a democratic \u201ccrisis\u201d rooted in anti-intellectualism. According to him, science and truth are the basis of rational discussion, and without rational discussion, people cannot reach a compromise.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But while democracy may be under siege on Korean Peninsula and elsewhere, Yoon misdiagnoses the origins of these struggles. Old, richer democracies like the U.S., United Kingdom and France have all faced fundamental challenges to their democratic rules, procedures and norms in recent years. Politicians with extreme political agendas have become competitive in nationwide elections, and even the peaceful transition of power \u2014 the <\/span>most fundamental<\/span><\/a> and long-standing rule of democracy \u2014 was challenged in Jan. 2021 by a mob of Trump supporters who attacked the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In South Korea, democracy is part of the modernization package sketched out by scholars for decades: As it got richer, the Korean middle class grew and became more stable, propelling these stakeholders against authoritarianism and into underwriting positions of a liberal, democratic South Korea today. This sort of developmental trajectory was once influential in the literature, and is succinctly<\/span> defined<\/span><\/a> in the words of Barrington Moore Jr.: \u201cno bourgeoisie, no democracy.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But as the Jan. 6 capital attack demonstrated, democracy can literally die in daylight, even in one of the world\u2019s longest-standing democracies. Further, China\u2019s incredible economic growth over the past two decades has not resulted in democratizing the country. Academics and pundits who were once busy thinking, discussing, and writing about modernization are now turning to democratic backsliding, and there has been a debate on whether South Korea, too, faces a crisis of democracy (<\/span>here<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>here<\/span><\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Trump supporters outside the U.S. Capital Building, Jan. 6, 2022 | Image: By Tyler Merbler<\/a> from USA – DSC09254-2 (CC BY 2.0<\/a>)<\/p><\/div>\n

TRUTH AND POLITICS<\/strong><\/p>\n

With this in mind, Yoon thought to articulate the problem in his inaugural speech. But there are a number of reasons why \u201canti-intellectualism\u201d is not and cannot be the cause of South Korea\u2019s \u201ccrisis.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon in <\/span>his speech<\/span><\/a> stated: \u201cWhen individuals disagree on certain issues and seek to reach a compromise, they can only do so when scientific facts and the truth work as the basis of their discussions. This is rationalism and intellectualism that is the foundation of democracy.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

But truth is a strong word. Science seeks facts\u2014a verified approximation to truth, rather than absolute truth. Science only works with self-correction; public discussion on \u201cscientific\u201d facts involves interpretations grounded in ideologies, values and interests. As such, good science requires a healthy dose of skepticism regarding how experts produce knowledge \u2013 in South Korea and everywhere else. The use of the word \u201ctruth\u201d gives too much power to experts, which they can then abuse. When experts lie, their words may have wildly spectacular consequences because they have authority and power, which is why the <\/span>foundation of liberal democracy<\/span><\/a> is a strong society that can create, support and shackle strong states, not rule by technical experts.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Second, addressing these differences in interpretations requires politics. President Yoon\u2019s inauguration speech not only conflated truth with facts, but also <\/span>reduced political problems<\/span><\/a> to technical problems; in so doing, Yoon downplayed the role in his administration of the opposition party.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In so far as politics is the art of compromise, a sound compromise needs facts for the design and implementation of effective policies. Without facts, policymakers do not know which policies would save lives and which would harm them; good intentions are not sufficient. But policies do not distribute benefits and harm equally; there are always trade-offs, with some groups getting more benefits than others and conflicts arising not only because of factual disagreements but also from competition for resources.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Part of the Seoul skyline, Sept. 2020 | Image: Ethan Brooke via Pexels<\/p><\/div>\n

South Korea\u2019s hyper concentration of political, economic and social activities in the megacity of Seoul, for instance,<\/span> was not an accident<\/span><\/a> but the outcome of the state\u2019s carefully orchestrated resource allocation during its rapid economic development.<\/span><\/p>\n

This is where politics can play a vital role because deliberations and negotiations reduce the need for the use of force. Democracy survives and persists when we strengthen politics that seeks to win seats, share power and respect the rules that govern political competition. A president needs to lead a team not only of allies but also of rivals.<\/span><\/p>\n

Most importantly, South Korean democracy needs empowerment as well as opposition. A key message of Yoon\u2019s inauguration speech is \u201cfreedom;\u201d specifically, he mentioned economic, educational, and cultural freedom as fundamental aspects of individual freedom. But history shows that democracy, as a bundle of individual and collective rights, is not given, but earned. Koreans are proud of their rich history, but they should also remember that the democratic part of their history is relatively new; it only began in 1987.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Equally, democracy can die if the people living under it are ignorant of how to protect it, and revitalizing democracy, therefore, requires more than just ensuring that people have access to the rights they are entitled to and deserve to enjoy. They should also be equipped with democratic knowledge and skills to fight back against anti-democratic forces. In short, South Korea\u2019s democratic citizens need to know how to be good troublemakers who can resist authoritarian forces and trends.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A healthy democracy equips people both to <\/span>express choice and to negotiate power.<\/span><\/a> In the U.S. as well as South Korea, democracy is strong as long as the people who support democracy are strong. To save democracy from its enemies, it is not enough to cast votes in an election; a deeper understanding is required of democracy as a collective enterprise. When other people\u2019s fundamental rights are violated, whether they are <\/span>women<\/span><\/a>, ethnic minorities, foreigners, or people with disabilities, it is not just their problem, but also all South Koreans\u2019 problem, because their rights are our rights.<\/span><\/p>\n

President Yoon was right about the global spread of democratic backsliding, but he made a critical misdiagnosis by reducing the crisis of democracy in South Korea to disbelief in scientific expertise. What South Korea needs is to strengthen its democratic institutions and norms and, more fundamentally, to empower its own people, because democracy\u2014rule by the people\u2014can become stronger only when its people become stronger.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by Arius Derr<\/em><\/p>\n

Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In his first speech as South Korean president, Yoon Suk-yeol claimed the country faces a democratic \u201ccrisis\u201d rooted in anti-intellectualism. According to him, science and truth are the basis of rational discussion, and without rational discussion, people cannot reach a compromise.\u00a0 But while democracy may be under siege on Korean Peninsula and elsewhere, Yoon misdiagnoses […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3665,"featured_media":2196120,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[27,28],"class_list":["post-2196116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-domestic-politics","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nGood troublemakers are the key to fixing democracy in South Korea - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2022\/05\/good-troublemakers-are-the-key-to-fixing-democracy-in-south-korea\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Good troublemakers are the key to fixing democracy in South Korea - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In his first speech as South Korean president, Yoon Suk-yeol claimed the country faces a democratic \u201ccrisis\u201d rooted in anti-intellectualism. 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